Motivational interviewing for maternal Immunizations: Intervention development

Background and ObjectiveVaccine uptake during pregnancy remains low. Our objectives were to describe 1) development and adaptation of a clinician communication training intervention for maternal immunizations and 2) obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) clinician and staff perspectives on the intervention and fit for the prenatal care context.MethodsDesign of the Motivational Interviewing for Maternal Immunizations (MI4MI) intervention was based on similar communication training interventions for pediatric settings and included presumptive initiation of vaccine recommendations (“You’re due for two vaccines today”) combined with motivational interviewing (MI) for hesitant patients. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with ob-gyn clinicians and staff in five Colorado clinics including settings with obstetric physicians, certified nurse midwives (CNMs), and clinician-trainees. Participants were asked about adapting training to the ob-gyn setting and their implementation experiences. Feedback was incorporated through iterative changes to training components.ResultsInterview and focus group discussion results from participants before (n = 3), during (n = 11) and after (n = 25) implementation guided intervention development and adaptation. Three virtual, asynchronous training components were created: a video and two interactive modules. This virtual format was favored due to challenges attending group meetings; however, participants noted opportunities to practice skills through role-play were lacking. Training modules were adapted to include common challenging vaccine conversations and live-action videos. Participants liked interactive training components and use of adult learning strategies. Some participants initially resisted the presumptive approach but later found it useful after applying it in their practices. Overall, participants reported that MI4MI training fit well with the prenatal context and recommended more inclusion of non-clinician staff.ConclusionsMI4MI training was viewed as relevant and useful for ob-gyn clinicians and staff. Suggestions included making training more interactive, and including more complex scenarios and non-clinician staff.     

郑州地区孕妇铁营养状况及其影响因素调查

目的 探讨郑州地区孕妇铁营养状况及其影响因素。方法 以2021年4—8月在郑州市某三家医院建立健康档案并进行孕期体检的孕妇作为研究对象进行问卷调查及铁营养状况检测,采用描述流行病学方法对孕妇铁营养状态进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对孕妇铁缺乏状况影响因素进行分析。结果 共有3 258例孕妇参与本次研究,其中妊娠早期989例,占30.36%,妊娠中期1 125例,占34.53%,妊娠晚期1 144例,占35.11%。在3 258名孕妇中,共有773例为铁缺乏,铁缺乏的检出率为23.73%。多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥35岁（OR=2.726）、处于妊娠的中期或晚期（OR=3.037,3.438）、月经初潮年龄<13岁（OR=2.432）、经产妇（OR=3.493）、流产次数≥3次（OR=2.648）、孕前月经量≥100 mL/次（OR=2.420）、文化程度为初中及以上（OR=0.517,0.459）、居住在农村（OR=3.684）、家庭月收入>3 000元及以上（OR=0.601,0.542）、居住房屋装修时间<1年（OR=6.449）、罹患消化系统疾病（OR=4.716）、有营养补齐剂摄入（OR=0.355）是孕妇铁缺乏的影响因素。结论 郑州市孕妇铁缺乏检出率较高,需要尽早给予针对性的干预。部分因素被确定为该地区孕妇人群发生铁元素缺乏的影响因素,可选择性的对其中危险因素给予干预。     

中西医结合治疗卵巢储备功能减退患者成功妊娠二例并文献复习

卵巢储备功能减退（diminished ovarian reserve，DOR）是卵巢因素所致不孕症的主要原因之一，西医临床治疗方法主要依赖于口服提高卵巢储备功能的药物、人工激素周期替代疗法和辅助生殖技术助孕，中医运用补肾健脾法治疗DOR具有不良反应少、疗效持久、治疗手段多样化等优势。报告2例在常规西医治疗基础上应用中医补肾健脾法综合治疗DOR患者成功妊娠的情况，强调个体化中西医结合治疗方案对于解决疑难病证的重要性，为临床应用中医药治疗DOR患者提供证据。     

血清Hcy、IGFBP-1联合预测多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的价值

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1(IGFBP-1)联合检测对多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的预测价值。方法选取2018年3月—2020年5月行促排卵治疗并成功临床妊娠的多囊卵巢综合征165例,检测血清Hcy、IGFBP-1水平。根据孕早期自然流产发生情况分为孕早期自然流产组与未自然流产组,比较两组妊娠前一次促排卵后血清Hcy、IGFBP-1水平;多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的危险因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清Hcy、IGFBP-1水平单项及联合检测对多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的预测价值。结果患者妊娠前一次促排卵后血清Hcy水平低于入院时,血清IGFBP-1水平高于入院时(P<0.01);自然流产组妊娠前一次促排卵后血清Hcy水平高于未自然流产组,血清IGFBP-1水平低于未自然流产组(P<0.01)。孕早期自然流产的发生率为28.48%。年龄≥35岁、多囊卵巢综合征分型、空腹胰岛素水平偏高、空腹血糖水平偏高、血清睾酮水平偏高、血清叶酸水平偏低、妊娠前一次促排卵后血清Hcy水平偏高及血清IGFBP-1水平偏低均是多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的危险因素(P<0.01)。妊娠前一次促排卵后血清Hcy水平联合血清IGFBP-1水平预测多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的敏感度、ROC曲线下面积均高于单独预测(P<0.01)。结论多囊卵巢综合征孕早期自然流产患者血清Hcy水平偏高,IGFBP-1水平偏低,二者均与多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产密切相关,并对多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的发生具有较好的预测价值,联合检测时的预测效能更高。     

中毒性表皮坏死松解症导致眼部远期并发症1例

中毒性表皮坏死松解症与Stevens-Johnson综合征是一种由药物反应引起的严重的表皮及黏膜的不良反应。最常发生于成人,与服用磺胺类、巴比妥类、非类固醇抗炎药、苯妥英纳、醋甲唑胺、别嘌呤醇和青霉素等药物有关。约有1/5的患者否认有服药史,约在1/3病例中由于同时患有严重疾病及用药物治疗而病因不明。中毒性表皮坏死松解症为皮肤科少数病情危重的疾病之一,其死亡率达30%~35%。20%~40%的存活者有眼睛受累。少数患者由于泪管阻塞可出现泪眼,多数患者表现为睫毛、眼睑上皮增生,伴鳞状化生、结膜和角膜新生血管形成,引起一种中毒性表皮坏死松解症眼综合征。经及时治疗中毒性表皮坏死松解症可好转。但是部分患者眼部情况可继续发展,可引起畏光、灼痛、视力下降甚至失明。现汇报1例中毒性表皮坏死松解症眼综合征患者眼部远期并发症。     

Variabilidad del uso intraoperatorio de cristaloides y asociación con los resultados postoperatorios: análisis post hoc de dos estudios prospectivos y multicéntricos de cohortes

BackgroundThe optimal regimen for intravenous administration of intraoperative fluids remains unclear. Our goal was to analyze intraoperative crystalloid volume administration practices and their association with postoperative outcomes.MethodsWe extracted clinical data from two multicenter observational studies including adult patients undergoing colorectal surgery and total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA). We analyzed the distribution of intraoperative fluid administration. Regression was performed using a general linear model to determine factors predictive of fluid administration. Patient outcomes and intraoperative crystalloid utilization were summarized for each surgical cohort. Regression models were developed to evaluate associations of high or low intraoperative crystalloid with the likelihood of increased postoperative complications, mainly acute kidney injury (AKI) and hospital length of stay (LOS).Results7,580 patients were included. The average adjusted intraoperative crystalloid infusion rate across all surgeries was to 7.9 (SD 4) mL/kg/h. The regression model strongly favored the type of surgery over other patient predictors. We found that high fluid volume was associated with 40% greater odds ratio (OR 1.40; 95% confidence interval1.01-1.95, p = 0.044) of postoperative complications in patients undergoing THA, while we found no associations for the other types of surgeries, AKI and LOSConclusionsA wide variability was observed in intraoperative crystalloid volume administration; however, this did not affect postoperative outcomes.     

老年下肢骨折患者行手术室人性化护理的效果

目的评价手术室人性化护理干预对老年下肢骨折患者手术以及术后恢复情况的影响,以加速老年骨折患者康复。方法选择我院近年来收治手术治疗的老年下肢骨折患者,总计100例。结合手术室护理方法进行对照组和研究组随机分组,对照组老年下肢骨折患者采取常规护理,研究组老年下肢骨折患者采取手术室人性化护理干预。比较两组老年下肢骨折患者的手术情况,包括情绪评分、生活质量评分、术后并发症以及护理满意度。结果研究组老年下肢骨折患者SAS、SDS、SF-36评分均明显优于对照组,且安全性和护理满意度均明显高于对照组,观察指标数据差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论予以老年下肢骨折患者手术室人性化护理干预满足了患者的护理需求,进一步稳定了患者的情绪、身体,从而提高了患者手术安全性。